在現(xian)代的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)中變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)是(shi)極(ji)其重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)構，其在運行(xing)中若(ruo)出現(xian)問題將會影響到整個系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運行(xing)狀況，如(ru)何有效排除(chu)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)故障(zhang)是(shi)當前電(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)需要(yao)(yao)做的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。而合理有效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)故障(zhang)排除(chu)方(fang)式是(shi)設備(bei)能夠正(zheng)常運行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保證(zheng)。一般說來，變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)產(chan)生故障(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原因(yin)是(shi)由(you)于變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)內(nei)部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)路(lu)以及結(jie)(jie)構出現(xian)了問題，造(zao)成了電(dian)力(li)發生損耗所致，但是(shi)也(ye)不排除(chu)外力(li)因(yin)素引發的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可能性(xing)，因(yin)此(ci)在變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)故障(zhang)排除(chu)過程中要(yao)(yao)對癥(zheng)下(xia)藥(yao)，找到癥(zheng)結(jie)(jie)所在，從而提高變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)故障(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)排除(chu)效率。

1故障分析

1.1內部異響

若(ruo)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)在運(yun)(yun)行(xing)上沒(mei)有出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)故障，那么(me)(me)其(qi)(qi)(qi)電磁(ci)(ci)交流聲(sheng)頻(pin)一般就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)處于穩(wen)定狀(zhuang)態，但是(shi)(shi)一旦變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)問(wen)題，那么(me)(me)其(qi)(qi)(qi)內(nei)部(bu)就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)不(bu)規(gui)律的聲(sheng)響，其(qi)(qi)(qi)電磁(ci)(ci)交流聲(sheng)頻(pin)便會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)異(yi)常(chang)。出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)這樣的問(wen)題一般是(shi)(shi)由以(yi)下幾個因素造(zao)(zao)成：首先，過(guo)載(zai)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)使得變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的內(nei)部(bu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)沉重的聲(sheng)響，這種狀(zhuang)態下不(bu)利于變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)壽(shou)命的保持(chi)；其(qi)(qi)(qi)次，內(nei)部(bu)零件出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)松(song)(song)動(dong)也(ye)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)令變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)在運(yun)(yun)行(xing)過(guo)程中產(chan)生(sheng)噪(zao)聲(sheng)，且(qie)噪(zao)聲(sheng)不(bu)均勻；再(zai)者，變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)內(nei)部(bu)鐵(tie)芯外層包有硅鋼(gang)片(pian)，若(ruo)是(shi)(shi)該(gai)硅鋼(gang)片(pian)沒(mei)有夾緊，那么(me)(me)在運(yun)(yun)行(xing)過(guo)程中，變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)必然會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)產(chan)生(sheng)振動(dong)噪(zao)聲(sheng)；此外變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)頂蓋一般都(dou)十(shi)分緊致，若(ruo)其(qi)(qi)(qi)螺絲松(song)(song)動(dong)，那么(me)(me)也(ye)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)發(fa)生(sheng)異(yi)響；若(ruo)是(shi)(shi)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)中變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)內(nei)部(bu)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)過(guo)高，那么(me)(me)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)外殼會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)閃絡，且(qie)其(qi)(qi)(qi)接地線也(ye)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)斷路現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)內(nei)部(bu)同樣會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)噪(zao)聲(sheng)；另外，變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)內(nei)部(bu)擊穿會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)由放電產(chan)生(sheng)的異(yi)響，而接觸不(bu)良也(ye)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)造(zao)(zao)成該(gai)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)；變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)接地或者斷路會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)造(zao)(zao)成繞(rao)組電流過(guo)大(da)，變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)中會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)異(yi)常(chang)響聲(sheng)；若(ruo)是(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)同大(da)容(rong)量設備相連或者出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)了(le)諧(xie)波(bo)，那么(me)(me)就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)產(chan)生(sheng)較(jiao)大(da)的啟動(dong)電流，內(nei)部(bu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)異(yi)常(chang)聲(sheng)響。

1.2變壓器油變質

變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)中油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)需要經常(chang)更換，若是不能(neng)保(bao)證(zheng)其(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，即(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)中浸入潮氣或(huo)者漏(lou)進(jin)了水(shui)，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)溫過高，那(nei)么就(jiu)會導(dao)致油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出現(xian)問(wen)題。變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)是保(bao)證(zheng)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)性(xing)能(neng)的(de)基礎(chu)，變(bian)(bian)(bian)壞(huai)的(de)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)會直接(jie)影響(xiang)到變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)性(xing)能(neng)，這種狀況(kuang)下(xia)，變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)出現(xian)故障也(ye)是必然的(de)。新投入使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)，其(qi)內部的(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)呈現(xian)出淺黃色(se)，但是一段時(shi)間(jian)后(hou)，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)會隨(sui)著使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)而發(fa)生變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)，其(qi)顏(yan)色(se)會逐步的(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)為淺紅色(se)。若是變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)顏(yan)色(se)開始變(bian)(bian)(bian)為黑(hei)色(se)，那(nei)么這種狀況(kuang)下(xia)就(jiu)需要注意變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)有可(ke)能(neng)會出現(xian)電流擊穿，這就(jiu)需要對(dui)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)行化(hua)(hua)驗(yan)。經過化(hua)(hua)驗(yan)后(hou)若發(fa)現(xian)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)合格，那(nei)么則可(ke)以(yi)繼續(xu)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，若是在化(hua)(hua)驗(yan)后(hou)發(fa)現(xian)其(qi)不能(neng)夠(gou)保(bao)證(zheng)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)性(xing)，那(nei)么就(jiu)需要對(dui)其(qi)進(jin)行處理(li)和過濾，直到油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)夠(gou)達到需要，才能(neng)夠(gou)繼續(xu)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。

1.3瓦斯保護問題

在(zai)(zai)變(bian)壓器中針對其(qi)故障具(ju)有(you)(you)一定的(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)措施，而(er)瓦(wa)斯保(bao)護(hu)(hu)則(ze)是其(qi)內部重要的(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)部件，輕瓦(wa)斯被應用于(yu)信(xin)號中，而(er)重瓦(wa)斯的(de)(de)主要作用則(ze)在(zai)(zai)于(yu)跳閘(zha)。該種保(bao)護(hu)(hu)措施的(de)(de)優(you)勢就在(zai)(zai)于(yu)其(qi)動作較為靈敏，可靠性較高，所以(yi)能夠(gou)對變(bian)壓器內部故障實(shi)行有(you)(you)效監控。而(er)引(yin)發(fa)瓦(wa)斯保(bao)護(hu)(hu)動作的(de)(de)因素主要有(you)(you)以(yi)下幾點：

1.3.1在對變壓器(qi)油(you)進行添加以及過(guo)濾的過(guo)程中，會將(jiang)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)帶(dai)入(ru)其中并且沒有(you)及時的排(pai)除，從而在運行過(guo)程中變壓器(qi)會隨(sui)著運行升(sheng)高油(you)溫，內部的空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)會逐漸的排(pai)除，因而發生瓦(wa)斯保護。

1.3.2若是(shi)變壓器(qi)(qi)內部發生故障因(yin)而出現了氣(qi)體，并且還(huan)伴有穿(chuan)越性短路現象出現，那(nei)么(me)也會激發瓦(wa)斯(si)(si)(si)保護(hu)動作(zuo)。若出現了相(xiang)應的瓦(wa)斯(si)(si)(si)保護(hu)信(xin)號動作(zuo)，那(nei)么(me)就需要馬上進行檢測(ce)，對瓦(wa)斯(si)(si)(si)繼電器(qi)(qi)中氣(qi)體予以手(shou)機檢驗(yan)。

1.3.3另外(wai)瓦斯保護動作(zuo)也(ye)會(hui)因為其內(nei)部嚴重故障引(yin)發(fa)。

1.3.4若是變(bian)壓器保護(hu)(hu)設施出(chu)(chu)現(xian)了故障(zhang)也會引發一些保護(hu)(hu)動作，例如二次(ci)回路發生了問題，那么瓦斯保護(hu)(hu)裝置(zhi)也會做出(chu)(chu)保護(hu)(hu)動作。

1.3.5若(ruo)是變(bian)壓器為(wei)新(xin)投(tou)入(ru)使(shi)用的(de)(de)設別或者經過(guo)大(da)修后(hou)再次投(tou)入(ru)使(shi)用的(de)(de)設備，那(nei)么就會由于變(bian)壓器油中分(fen)離(li)出(chu)的(de)(de)空氣引發保護動(dong)作(zuo)或者跳(tiao)閘現象。

1.4自動跳閘

若(ruo)(ruo)是(shi)運行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)過程中(zhong)發(fa)現變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器自(zi)動跳閘(zha)，那(nei)么(me)(me)就(jiu)需要(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)部進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)明確的(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)查，對(dui)(dui)其挑(tiao)閘(zha)原因(yin)予以(yi)判斷。若(ruo)(ruo)是(shi)檢(jian)查后(hou)發(fa)現是(shi)由于外(wai)部故(gu)障或者人(ren)為因(yin)素造成(cheng)，那(nei)么(me)(me)就(jiu)可以(yi)不對(dui)(dui)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器內部進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)檢(jian)查，直接投入使用進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)送電(dian)(dian)(dian)。但是(shi)，若(ruo)(ruo)是(shi)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器發(fa)生了差動保護(hu)，那(nei)么(me)(me)在(zai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)保護(hu)時就(jiu)會設計很多設備(bei)，在(zai)檢(jian)查時就(jiu)應當進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)*全面的(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)查。若(ruo)(ruo)是(shi)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器出(chu)現事故(gu)，那(nei)么(me)(me)設備(bei)就(jiu)會自(zi)發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)做出(chu)一系列的(de)(de)(de)保護(hu)動作(zuo)，自(zi)動斷開電(dian)(dian)(dian)源，停止(zhi)送電(dian)(dian)(dian)。斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)動作(zuo)由斷路器做出(chu)，若(ruo)(ruo)是(shi)其不能(neng)夠(gou)斷開，那(nei)么(me)(me)就(jiu)需要(yao)(yao)由工作(zuo)人(ren)員進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)手動操作(zuo)，關上電(dian)(dian)(dian)源，同(tong)時停止(zhi)冷氣設備(bei)，并進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事故(gu)的(de)(de)(de)排查。若(ruo)(ruo)發(fa)生了火災，則(ze)需要(yao)(yao)使用泡沫滅火器進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)滅火，必要(yao)(yao)時還可以(yi)使用砂子(zi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鋪蓋滅火。

1.5油位異常

在變(bian)壓器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行(xing)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中，油(you)(you)(you)位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)*位(wei)(wei)置應(ying)當(dang)小于(yu)油(you)(you)(you)位(wei)(wei)計的(de)(de)(de)1/3大于(yu)油(you)(you)(you)位(wei)(wei)計的(de)(de)(de)1/4，若是油(you)(you)(you)位(wei)(wei)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)低(di)(di)，那么在運(yun)行(xing)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中則(ze)會引發(fa)變(bian)壓器(qi)出(chu)現(xian)保護動作，或(huo)者(zhe)是誤(wu)動作，甚至(zhi)有時會引發(fa)變(bian)壓器(qi)線(xian)圈(quan)暴露在油(you)(you)(you)外，或(huo)者(zhe)變(bian)壓器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)引線(xian)暴露，這便會引發(fa)絕(jue)緣擊穿(chuan)現(xian)象。但(dan)是過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)位(wei)(wei)可能會使得變(bian)壓器(qi)油(you)(you)(you)溢出(chu)。若是經(jing)常漏油(you)(you)(you)且溫度過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)低(di)(di)，并且在檢修(xiu)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中對(dui)變(bian)壓器(qi)進行(xing)放(fang)油(you)(you)(you)處理之(zhi)后沒有及時的(de)(de)(de)予以補充，那么就(jiu)會造(zao)成(cheng)油(you)(you)(you)位(wei)(wei)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)低(di)(di)。相關工作人員應(ying)當(dang)根據實際需要，對(dui)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)低(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)位(wei)(wei)進行(xing)原(yuan)因(yin)查(cha)明，并展(zhan)開相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)處理措施。而針對(dui)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)位(wei)(wei)則(ze)需要及時的(de)(de)(de)放(fang)油(you)(you)(you)，保證設備運(yun)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)穩定(ding)。

1.6變壓器油溫突(tu)增

變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)油溫(wen)突增，其(qi)引起的主要(yao)原因是：內(nei)部緊固螺絲接頭(tou)松(song)動、冷卻裝置運(yun)行(xing)不正(zheng)(zheng)常、變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)過負荷(he)(he)運(yun)行(xing)以(yi)及內(nei)部短路閃絡放電等。在(zai)正(zheng)(zheng)常的情況下(xia)(xia)，變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)上層油溫(wen)必(bi)須要(yao)在(zai)85℃以(yi)下(xia)(xia)，如(ru)果沒有在(zai)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的本身配置溫(wen)度(du)(du)計，則(ze)可(ke)用水銀溫(wen)度(du)(du)計在(zai)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的外殼(ke)上測量溫(wen)度(du)(du)，正(zheng)(zheng)常溫(wen)度(du)(du)要(yao)保持在(zai)80℃以(yi)下(xia)(xia)。若變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)在(zai)進行(xing)超(chao)負荷(he)(he)運(yun)行(xing)，要(yao)立刻對變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的負荷(he)(he)進行(xing)減輕，如(ru)果變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的負荷(he)(he)減輕后，溫(wen)度(du)(du)依然(ran)如(ru)此，就(jiu)要(yao)立刻停止變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)運(yun)行(xing)，對其(qi)故障(zhang)原因進行(xing)查找。

1.7繞組故障

繞組故障(zhang)中主(zhu)要包(bao)括相間(jian)短路、繞組接地、頭開焊、接斷線(xian)、匝間(jian)短路等(deng)。引發這些(xie)故障(zhang)的原因主(zhu)要有以下幾種：

（1）變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器在制(zhi)造和后期(qi)進行檢修時，造成了絕(jue)緣(yuan)局(ju)(ju)部損壞，留(liu)下了后遺(yi)癥。（2）變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器在運行中(zhong)因散熱不(bu)(bu)良(liang)或長期(qi)過(guo)載，溫(wen)度(du)長期(qi)過(guo)高，使絕(jue)緣(yuan)產生老化。（3）變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器的制(zhi)造工(gong)藝不(bu)(bu)良(liang)，壓(ya)(ya)制(zhi)不(bu)(bu)緊，機(ji)械(xie)強度(du)無法承受短路沖擊，讓繞(rao)組(zu)變(bian)形，絕(jue)緣(yuan)損壞。（4）變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器的繞(rao)組(zu)受潮(chao)，導致絕(jue)緣(yuan)膨脹(zhang)堵(du)塞油道(dao)，致使局(ju)(ju)部過(guo)熱。

2電力變壓器(qi)日常維(wei)護

在變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)日常(chang)維護(hu)工(gong)作(zuo)中，要(yao)(yao)做到實時監視(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行(xing)狀況，特(te)別是在過負荷運(yun)行(xing)時，更是要(yao)(yao)縮(suo)短(duan)監控的(de)(de)(de)周期。定(ding)期xun視(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)流、上(shang)層油(you)(you)(you)溫(wen)等(deng)，并(bing)經(jing)常(chang)對(dui)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)外部(bu)進行(xing)檢查(cha)。日常(chang)維護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)具(ju)體工(gong)作(zuo)有：對(dui)套管、磁裙的(de)(de)(de)清潔(jie)程度進行(xing)檢查(cha)并(bing)及時做好清理工(gong)作(zuo)，以保證(zheng)磁套管與絕緣(yuan)子的(de)(de)(de)清潔(jie)，避免閃(shan)絡事故的(de)(de)(de)發生；冷卻(que)(que)裝(zhuang)置運(yun)行(xing)時，要(yao)(yao)確認冷卻(que)(que)器(qi)(qi)(qi)進油(you)(you)(you)管和(he)出油(you)(you)(you)管的(de)(de)(de)蝶閥，保證(zheng)入口(kou)干凈無(wu)雜物，散熱器(qi)(qi)(qi)通(tong)暢進風；風扇在運(yun)行(xing)中運(yun)轉是否(fou)正(zheng)常(chang)，有無(wu)明顯振(zhen)動(dong)及異(yi)音，潛油(you)(you)(you)泵的(de)(de)(de)轉向是否(fou)正(zheng)確，冷卻(que)(que)器(qi)(qi)(qi)有無(wu)滲漏油(you)(you)(you)現(xian)象(xiang)，有無(wu)異(yi)常(chang)聲音及振(zhen)動(dong)，分路電(dian)(dian)源自動(dong)開關(guan)閉合是否(fou)良(liang)好。

操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)過程中，通過變壓器的(de)外在(zai)一些現象可(ke)(ke)以對其故障予以判(pan)定，但是這(zhe)種判(pan)定僅僅是初步(bu)判(pan)定。因為變壓器的(de)內部故障會涉及很多因素，而并(bing)非(fei)只是單一故障，有(you)時(shi)表(biao)象反應(ying)的(de)有(you)可(ke)(ke)能是假象。所以對變壓器進行故障判(pan)斷時(shi)就需要結合油質(zhi)檢驗以及電氣檢驗、運行分析(xi)和設備檢修等工作(zuo)(zuo)進行綜合性的(de)分析(xi)，從(cong)而準確(que)的(de)判(pan)斷設備故障程度以及故障位置，并(bing)找出其產生的(de)根本原因，從(cong)而給予合理的(de)處(chu)理。