輸(shu)電線路在(zai)電網中擔當著電能運(yun)輸(shu)載體的(de)(de)角色，跨度長、分布廣、運(yun)行(xing)環(huan)境差、故(gu)障(zhang)幾率(lv)高，需要重點保(bao)護;為此，出現了(le)各種原理、類型(xing)的(de)(de)繼電保(bao)護;但究其實(shi)現方(fang)式，他們都離不開(kai)故(gu)障(zhang)特(te)征(zheng)量——電流、電壓(ya)。所(suo)有(you)繼電保(bao)護，無不都是將(jiang)電流、電壓(ya)量進行(xing)加工、組合、比較，提煉出判據(ju)，驅動于跳閘(zha)(zha);加工、組合、比較、跳閘(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)過(guo)程由靜態、動態模(mo)擬試(shi)驗(yan)來保(bao)證，電流、電壓(ya)接入(ru)的(de)(de)正確性，只(zhi)有(you)靠帶負荷測試(shi)來保(bao)證。

1繼電保護的簡要原理(li)及分類

任何線路故障(zhang)都會(hui)帶來電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)增大、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)低(di)，由此，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)就(jiu)(jiu)固定成(cheng)了繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)工作量(liang)(liang);把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)量(liang)(liang)進行不同組合(he)，就(jiu)(jiu)構(gou)(gou)(gou)成(cheng)各種原理(li)的(de)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)。只用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，不用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)構(gou)(gou)(gou)成(cheng)過流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)保護(hu)(hu)(hu);用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)做(zuo)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)量(liang)(liang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)做(zuo)閉鎖量(liang)(liang)，構(gou)(gou)(gou)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)閉鎖電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu);用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)做(zuo)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)量(liang)(liang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)夾角做(zuo)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)判(pan)別(bie)(bie)，構(gou)(gou)(gou)成(cheng)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)過流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu);用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)比值，構(gou)(gou)(gou)成(cheng)距離(li)保護(hu)(hu)(hu);用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)夾角判(pan)別(bie)(bie)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)，借(jie)助通道送(song)來的(de)對側方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)信號，構(gou)(gou)(gou)成(cheng)縱聯保護(hu)(hu)(hu);從三相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)中(zhong)計算出零(ling)(ling)序(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)作為啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)量(liang)(liang)，構(gou)(gou)(gou)成(cheng)零(ling)(ling)序(xu)保護(hu)(hu)(hu);從三相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)中(zhong)分別(bie)(bie)計算出零(ling)(ling)序(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)和零(ling)(ling)序(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，用零(ling)(ling)序(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)做(zuo)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)量(liang)(liang)，零(ling)(ling)序(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)夾角做(zuo)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)判(pan)別(bie)(bie)，構(gou)(gou)(gou)成(cheng)零(ling)(ling)序(xu)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)保護(hu)(hu)(hu);把握住電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，就(jiu)(jiu)把握住了繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)。

2繼電保護(hu)帶(dai)負荷(he)測(ce)試內容和數據(ju)分析

不同繼(ji)電保護對電壓電流量的需求(qiu)是不一樣的，下面我們(men)就分(fen)類來討論。

2.1電流(liu)保(bao)護(hu)由于電流(liu)保(bao)護(hu)只(zhi)需電流(liu)量，所以，我們的(de)測(ce)試(shi)就緊緊圍繞電流(liu)展開(kai)，那(nei)多大的(de)電流(liu)才適合(he)帶負荷測(ce)試(shi)呢(ni)?當然越(yue)大越(yue)好，電流(liu)越(yue)大，各種錯誤(wu)就暴露的(de)越(yue)明顯(xian)，但(dan)在(zai)實際運行中(zhong)，線(xian)路潮(chao)流(liu)往往受網絡限制，不(bu)能(neng)隨(sui)意增(zeng)大，只(zhi)能(neng)以保(bao)證鉗形相位表正常工(gong)作為準(電流(liu)過小，鉗形相位表的(de)相位就可(ke)能(neng)測(ce)不(bu)準)。

2.1.1測(ce)試內(nei)容①電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的幅值(zhi)(zhi)和相(xiang)(xiang)位(wei)。用(yong)鉗形相(xiang)(xiang)位(wei)表在保護屏(ping)端子排依(yi)次(ci)測(ce)出(chu)A相(xiang)(xiang)、B相(xiang)(xiang)、C相(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的幅值(zhi)(zhi)和相(xiang)(xiang)位(wei)(相(xiang)(xiang)位(wei)以一相(xiang)(xiang)PT二次(ci)電(dian)(dian)壓做參考(kao))，N相(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)幅值(zhi)(zhi)，無(wu)(wu)記(ji)錄。②線路潮流(liu)(liu)。通過控(kong)制屏(ping)上的電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)、有功(gong)(gong)、無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)數(shu)據(ju)，或(huo)(huo)者監控(kong)顯示器(qi)上的電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)、有功(gong)(gong)、無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)數(shu)據(ju)，或(huo)(huo)者調度端的電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)、有功(gong)(gong)、無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)數(shu)據(ju)，記(ji)錄線路電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)大小，有功(gong)(gong)、無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)大小和流(liu)(liu)向，為CT變(bian)比、方向指向分析(xi)奠(dian)定基礎。

2.1.2數據分析①看電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)序。正(zheng)確(que)接(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)下，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)是正(zheng)序：A相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)超(chao)前(qian)(qian)B相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，B相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)超(chao)前(qian)(qian)C相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(若(ruo)CT為兩相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)*星(xing)型接(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)，則N相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)就是B相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu))，C相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)超(chao)前(qian)(qian)A相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，若(ruo)與此(ci)不(bu)符，則有可(ke)能：a在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)端(duan)(duan)子箱(xiang)的(de)(de)二(er)次電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)回(hui)路(lu)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)別(bie)和一次電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)別(bie)不(bu)對(dui)應(ying)，比如端(duan)(duan)子箱(xiang)內定義(yi)為A相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)回(hui)路(lu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)芯接(jie)(jie)(jie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)了C相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)CT上(shang)，這(zhe)種(zhong)情(qing)況(kuang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)一次設備倒換相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)別(bie)時容易發生(sheng)。b從端(duan)(duan)子箱(xiang)到(dao)保(bao)護(hu)屏(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)芯接(jie)(jie)(jie)反，比如一根電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)芯在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)端(duan)(duan)子箱(xiang)接(jie)(jie)(jie)A相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)回(hui)路(lu)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)保(bao)護(hu)屏(ping)(ping)上(shang)卻接(jie)(jie)(jie)B相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)輸入(ru)端(duan)(duan)子，這(zhe)種(zhong)情(qing)況(kuang)一般由安裝(zhuang)人員的(de)(de)馬(ma)虎造(zao)(zao)(zao)成。②看電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)對(dui)稱(cheng)性。A相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、B相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、C相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)幅(fu)(fu)值基本相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)等，相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)位(wei)互差(cha)120°，即A相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)超(chao)前(qian)(qian)B相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)120°，B相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)超(chao)前(qian)(qian)C相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)120°，C相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)超(chao)前(qian)(qian)A相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)120°。若(ruo)一相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)幅(fu)(fu)值偏(pian)差(cha)大(da)于10%，則有可(ke)能：a該(gai)(gai)條線(xian)(xian)路(lu)負(fu)荷三相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)對(dui)稱(cheng)，一相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)偏(pian)大(da)或一相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)偏(pian)小(xiao)。b該(gai)(gai)條線(xian)(xian)路(lu)負(fu)荷三相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)對(dui)稱(cheng)，但波動較大(da)，造(zao)(zao)(zao)成測量一相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)幅(fu)(fu)值時負(fu)荷大(da)，而測另一相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)負(fu)荷小(xiao)。c某(mou)一相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)CT變比接(jie)(jie)(jie)錯(cuo)，比如該(gai)(gai)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)CT二(er)次繞組抽頭接(jie)(jie)(jie)錯(cuo)。d某(mou)一相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)寄生(sheng)回(hui)路(lu)，比如某(mou)一根電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)芯在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)剝電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)皮(pi)時絕緣損傷，對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)屏(ping)(ping)蔽(bi)層(ceng)形成漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，造(zao)(zao)(zao)成流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)入(ru)保(bao)護(hu)屏(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)減少。e兩相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)*星(xing)型接(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)中，N線(xian)(xian)(0線(xian)(xian))不(bu)通，造(zao)(zao)(zao)成B相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)為0。

若(ruo)某相(xiang)(xiang)位(wei)(wei)偏差(cha)大(da)于10%，則(ze)有(you)可(ke)能(neng)：a該(gai)條線(xian)路功率(lv)(lv)因數波動較(jiao)大(da)，造(zao)成測量一相(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)流(liu)相(xiang)(xiang)位(wei)(wei)時功率(lv)(lv)因數大(da)，而(er)測另一相(xiang)(xiang)時功率(lv)(lv)因數小。b某一相(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)流(liu)存(cun)在寄生(sheng)回(hui)路，造(zao)成該(gai)相(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)流(liu)相(xiang)(xiang)位(wei)(wei)偏移。c兩相(xiang)(xiang)不*星型接(jie)線(xian)中，N線(xian)(0線(xian))不通，造(zao)成A相(xiang)(xiang)、C相(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)流(liu)互差(cha)180°③看(kan)電(dian)流(liu)幅值，核實CT變(bian)(bian)(bian)化。用線(xian)路一次電(dian)流(liu)除以二次電(dian)流(liu)，得到(dao)實際CT變(bian)(bian)(bian)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)，該(gai)變(bian)(bian)(bian)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)應和整定變(bian)(bian)(bian)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)基本一致。變(bian)(bian)(bian)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)搞錯在更換CT時容易出現.如(ru)果偏差(cha)大(da)于10%，則(ze)有(you)可(ke)能(neng):aCT的一次線(xian)末(mo)按整定變(bian)(bian)(bian)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)進(jin)行串聯(lian)(lian)或并聯(lian)(lian)。bCT的二次線(xian)末(mo)按整定變(bian)(bian)(bian)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)接(jie)在相(xiang)(xiang)應的抽頭上(shang)。

2電壓閉鎖過流保護

由于電(dian)壓(ya)閉鎖過流保護引入了電(dian)壓(ya)量做閉鎖，故而要保護運行中電(dian)壓(ya)的正確，除(chu)了“過流保護的測試內容(rong)和(he)數據(ju)分析(xi)，還(huan)需要進(jin)行以(yi)下(xia)工作。

2.1測試內容電(dian)(dian)壓的(de)幅值和相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)位(wei)。用萬(wan)用表在保護屏端子排(pai)依次測出(chu)A相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、B相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、C相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)壓的(de)幅值和相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)位(wei)(相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)位(wei)以(yi)一(yi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)壓或電(dian)(dian)流做參考)AB相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)間(jian)(jian)、BC相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)間(jian)(jian)、CA相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)間(jian)(jian)、零序電(dian)(dian)壓的(de)幅值，并記錄。

2.2數據分析①看(kan)(kan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)序。正確接(jie)線(xian)(xian)下，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)是(shi)正序：A相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)超前(qian)B相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，B相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)超前(qian)C相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，C相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)超前(qian)A相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。若(ruo)與此不符，則有可(ke)能：引(yin)入(ru)保護(hu)屏的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜芯接(jie)反，比如(ru)一(yi)(yi)根電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜芯一(yi)(yi)端(duan)接(jie)A相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，在(zai)保護(hu)屏的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)端(duan)卻(que)接(jie)B相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)輸(shu)入(ru)端(duan)子(zi)，這(zhe)種情況一(yi)(yi)般由安(an)裝人員的(de)(de)馬虎造成。②看(kan)(kan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)對稱性(xing)(xing)。A相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、B相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、C相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)幅(fu)值(zhi)都在(zai)57.7V左右(you)，相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)位(wei)(wei)互差120°，即A相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)超前(qian)B相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)120°，B相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)超前(qian)C相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)120°，C相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)超前(qian)A相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)120°。AB相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)間(jian)(jian)、BC相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)間(jian)(jian)、CA相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)間(jian)(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)幅(fu)值(zhi)都在(zai)100V左右(you)，零(ling)序電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)幅(fu)值(zhi)在(zai)在(zai)0V左右(you)，若(ruo)零(ling)序電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)完*全是(shi)0V，則應懷疑零(ling)序電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)回路斷(duan)線(xian)(xian)。若(ruo)一(yi)(yi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)幅(fu)值(zhi)偏差大(da)于20%或(huo)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)位(wei)(wei)偏差大(da)于10%則有可(ke)能：a屏內電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)回路接(jie)觸不良，螺(luo)絲未緊。b電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)回路斷(duan)線(xian)(xian)或(huo)中(zhong)性(xing)(xing)線(xian)(xian)不通，造成中(zhong)性(xing)(xing)點漂移。c在(zai)PT端(duan)子(zi)箱將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)組合成星(xing)型時將(jiang)一(yi)(yi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)極性(xing)(xing)弄錯。

2.3帶(dai)方向(xiang)(xiang)保(bao)護帶(dai)方向(xiang)(xiang)保(bao)護引入電壓作參考量，用以判斷故(gu)障(zhang)點的(de)正(zheng)反向(xiang)(xiang)，所以，電壓量的(de)正(zheng)確性(xing)對其相當重要，除了“電壓閉(bi)鎖過流保(bao)護”的(de)測(ce)試內容和數據(ju)分(fen)析，還需(xu)進(jin)行以下(xia)數據(ju)分(fen)析。

看同(tong)名(ming)相(xiang)電(dian)壓(ya)電(dian)流夾角，檢查方(fang)向(xiang)指(zhi)(zhi)向(xiang)的正(zheng)確性(零序(xu)方(fang)向(xiang)保護的零序(xu)電(dian)流電(dian)壓(ya)來源于三(san)相(xiang)電(dian)流電(dian)壓(ya)，因而其方(fang)向(xiang)指(zhi)(zhi)向(xiang)靠同(tong)名(ming)相(xiang)電(dian)壓(ya)電(dian)流夾角來保證)。

根據線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)潮流(liu)中的(de)有無功值(zhi)計(ji)算(suan)一次(ci)(ci)電(dian)壓(ya)電(dian)流(liu)夾角，對比實(shi)(shi)測的(de)電(dian)流(liu)電(dian)壓(ya)夾角，判斷方向指向的(de)正確性。如：母(mu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)向線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)送(song)出(chu)有功80MW、無功60MVAR，則(ze)(ze)該(gai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)一次(ci)(ci)電(dian)壓(ya)電(dian)流(liu)夾角Φ=Arctag(60/80)=37°;線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)向母(mu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)送(song)出(chu)有功80MW、無功60MVAR，則(ze)(ze)該(gai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)一次(ci)(ci)電(dian)壓(ya)電(dian)流(liu)夾角Φ=-Arctag(60/80)=-37°。由于繼電(dian)保護(hu)都(dou)是保護(hu)輸電(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)一側的(de)，所以，計(ji)算(suan)出(chu)的(de)一次(ci)(ci)電(dian)壓(ya)電(dian)流(liu)夾角和實(shi)(shi)測夾角只能相等，若偏差(cha)大于10°則(ze)(ze)有可(ke)能：

該(gai)條線路開關CT二(er)次繞組極(ji)性(xing)接反。在安裝CT時，由于某種原因其一(yi)次極(ji)性(xing)未(wei)能(neng)按圖紙擺(bai)放時，二(er)次極(ji)性(xing)要(yao)做相(xiang)應顛(dian)(dian)倒(dao)，如果(guo)二(er)次極(ji)性(xing)未(wei)顛(dian)(dian)倒(dao)，就會發生(sheng)這(zhe)種情況。

繼電保護(hu)雖種類繁多，但其(qi)輸(shu)入都是(shi)一樣(yang)，只(zhi)要對其(qi)輸(shu)入量進(jin)行(xing)認真(zhen)、仔細、全(quan)面(mian)的測試和分析，再復雜的繼電保護(hu)也能(neng)做到心(xin)中(zhong)有數。