接地電阻(zu)(zu)測試儀測量時(shi)會(hui)遇到什(shen)(shen)么(me)問題？1．在(zai)測高(gao)層建筑物(wu)接地時(shi)，阻(zu)(zu)值為(wei)什(shen)(shen)么(me)會(hui)比地面阻(zu)(zu)值大(da)。且顯示(shi)數據跳動嚴(yan)重，是什(shen)(shen)么(me)原因造成(cheng)的，如(ru)何避免？

這是因為(wei)(wei)高(gao)層建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)時，高(gao)層建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物接(jie)地(di)引(yin)(yin)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)與地(di)之間存(cun)在(zai)(zai)著(zhu)一(yi)(yi)定的(de)阻(zu)(zu)值(zhi)(R地(di)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian))另外(wai)從高(gao)層建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物上(shang)(shang)(shang)面(mian)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)點(dian)向地(di)面(mian)儀(yi)表(biao)(biao)所(suo)引(yin)(yin)接(jie)的(de)測(ce)(ce)試線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，在(zai)(zai)空中的(de)部分存(cun)在(zai)(zai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)感。所(suo)以(yi)高(gao)層建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)接(jie)地(di)點(dian)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)的(de)阻(zu)(zu)值(zhi)為(wei)(wei)R=R地(di)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)+WL+R地(di)。地(di)面(mian)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)接(jie)地(di)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)R=R地(di)。測(ce)(ce)量(liang)數(shu)據比地(di)面(mian)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)時跳動(dong)(dong)要嚴(yan)重(zhong)，這是因為(wei)(wei)測(ce)(ce)試線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)空中的(de)加(jia)長，如同(tong)一(yi)(yi)根天(tian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)（解(jie)釋:一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)變換器)將(jiang)(jiang)空中一(yi)(yi)些無線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)、電(dian)(dian)磁雜波等(deng)信號通過測(ce)(ce)試線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)引(yin)(yin)向儀(yi)表(biao)(biao)，而(er)產(chan)生嚴(yan)重(zhong)干擾(rao)，使測(ce)(ce)量(liang)數(shu)據跳動(dong)(dong)，解(jie)決的(de)方(fang)法是，用一(yi)(yi)根同(tong)軸(zhou)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)作為(wei)(wei)測(ce)(ce)試引(yin)(yin)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，將(jiang)(jiang)同(tong)軸(zhou)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)芯(xin)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)連(lian)接(jie)在(zai)(zai)共同(tong)，并接(jie)在(zai)(zai)測(ce)(ce)試點(dian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。將(jiang)(jiang)同(tong)軸(zhou)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)另一(yi)(yi)端的(de)屏蔽線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)接(jie)在(zai)(zai)儀(yi)表(biao)(biao)的(de)C2端上(shang)(shang)(shang)(即電(dian)(dian)流)，將(jiang)(jiang)同(tong)軸(zhou)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)芯(xin)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)接(jie)在(zai)(zai)儀(yi)表(biao)(biao)P2端上(shang)(shang)(shang)(即電(dian)(dian)壓)，這樣能較(jiao)好地(di)解(jie)決測(ce)(ce)量(liang)高(gao)層接(jie)地(di)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)由于(yu)引(yin)(yin)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)過長造成干擾(rao)影響。

2．被(bei)保(bao)護的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)設(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)端(duan)是否(fou)可以(yi)不斷(duan)開(kai)(kai)測(ce)試(shi)，對(dui)測(ce)試(shi)儀(yi)(yi)表(biao)或(huo)被(bei)保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)設(she)備(bei)(bei)有什(shen)么影響(xiang)？一般情(qing)況下，在測(ce)試(shi)接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻時，要求被(bei)保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)設(she)備(bei)(bei)與其接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)端(duan)斷(duan)開(kai)(kai)，這是因為如果不斷(duan)開(kai)(kai)被(bei)保(bao)護的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)設(she)備(bei)(bei)在接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻過大(da)或(huo)接(jie)(jie)觸不好的(de)(de)情(qing)況下，儀(yi)(yi)表(biao)所加(jia)在接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻測(ce)試(shi)儀(yi)(yi)接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)端(duan)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流會(hui)反(fan)串流入(ru)被(bei)保(bao)護的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)設(she)備(bei)(bei)，如果一些(xie)設(she)備(bei)(bei)不能(neng)抵抗(kang)儀(yi)(yi)表(biao)所反(fan)串的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，可能(neng)會(hui)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)設(she)備(bei)(bei)造成(cheng)損壞，另外一些(xie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)設(she)備(bei)(bei)由于漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，使漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流經(jing)過測(ce)試(shi)線進入(ru)儀(yi)(yi)表(biao)，將儀(yi)(yi)表(biao)燒壞。核相儀(yi)(yi)廠(chang)家使用時應認真執行本(ben)單(dan)位安(an)全規章(zhang)制度，并嚴格遵守DL408-91安(an)全工作規程（發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣部份(fen)）相關規定(ding)(ding)，仔細(xi)保(bao)管(guan)儀(yi)(yi)器(qi)，定(ding)(ding)期(qi)檢查(cha)絕緣。所以(yi)一般情(qing)況要求斷(duan)開(kai)(kai)被(bei)保(bao)護的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)設(she)備(bei)(bei)。在接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)良好的(de)(de)情(qing)況下，可以(yi)不斷(duan)開(kai)(kai)被(bei)保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)設(she)備(bei)(bei)進行測(ce)量。

3．為什(shen)么(me)地阻表(biao)的C2P2和(he)C1P1不能調(diao)換接(jie)線？

由于地阻表內部電(dian)(dian)路設計(ji)原理C2為測試準電(dian)(dian)位，要與后級基準嚴格相等，因此(ci)，需直(zhi)截接至被測地網電(dian)(dian)，P1、P2為信(xin)號通(tong)道，二者可以互(hu)換(huan)，C2和C1不能互(hu)換(huan)。高壓語(yu)音核(he)相儀給發射器(qi)(qi)充電(dian)(dian)。此(ci)時(shi)發射器(qi)(qi)將發射頻率為50HZ的(de)信(xin)號，如果接收主機(ji)顯示對應的(de)信(xin)息，則說明(ming)發射器(qi)(qi)正常。

4．哪(na)些因素影(ying)響土壤電阻(zu)率(lv)測(ce)量(liang)？

土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)（質地類型：壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)、砂土(tu)(tu)、黏土(tu)(tu)）電阻(zu)率不僅隨土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)的(de)類型變化，接(jie)(jie)地電阻(zu)測試儀且隨溫(wen)度、濕度、含(han)鹽量和土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)的(de)緊密程(cheng)度而變化。衛(wei)星授時遠程(cheng)無(wu)線(xian)核相儀將發射器(qi)掛接(jie)(jie)到相應(ying)電壓(ya)等(deng)級的(de)帶電線(xian)路上檢(jian)驗；或使用高(gao)壓(ya)試驗設(she)備(bei)，模擬(ni)高(gao)壓(ya)線(xian)路對(dui)儀器(qi)經行檢(jian)驗。如果發射器(qi)蜂鳴，兩指示(shi)燈交(jiao)替(ti)閃(shan)爍，接(jie)(jie)收主機顯示(shi)對(dui)應(ying)的(de)信息，則發射器(qi)正(zheng)常。

5．在(zai)測接地電(dian)阻時，有哪(na)些因素造(zao)成接地電(dian)阻不準確，如何(he)避免？

A)測試(shi)夾與接地(di)測量(liang)點(dian)接觸電(dian)阻過大。解決的方法(fa)是，將接觸點(dian)用銼刀或(huo)砂皮(pi)磨光(guang)，用測試(shi)線夾子充分夾好磨光(guang)觸點(dian)。

B)干(gan)擾(rao)影響。解決的(de)方(fang)法，調整放線方(fang)向(xiang)，盡量(liang)避開干(gan)擾(rao)大的(de)方(fang)向(xiang)，使(shi)儀表讀數化減少跳(tiao)動(dong)。

C)儀表(biao)使用問題。電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)量不足，解(jie)決的(de)方(fang)法是，更換(huan)電(dian)(dian)池。儀表(biao)度(du)下(xia)降，解(jie)決的(de)方(fang)法是，重新校準為零。

D)接地(di)(di)系(xi)統(地(di)(di)網)周邊土(tu)壤構(gou)成不一(yi)致，地(di)(di)質不一(yi)，緊密、干(gan)濕程度不一(yi)樣(yang)，具有(you)分散性，地(di)(di)表面雜(za)散電流、特(te)別是架空地(di)(di)線、地(di)(di)下水管、電纜外(wai)皮(pi)等等，對測試影(ying)響特(te)別大(da)。解決的方法(fa)是，取不同的點進行測量，取平均值(zhi)。

E)測(ce)(ce)試線方向不(bu)對，距離不(bu)夠長(chang)，解決的方法是，找準測(ce)(ce)試方向和距離。

F)輔助接地電阻(zu)(zu)過大。解決的方法是，在(zai)地樁處(chu)潑水或使用(yong)降阻(zu)(zu)劑降低電流的接地電阻(zu)(zu)。

6．為(wei)什么(me)在測接地電阻(zu)時，要求測量線分(fen)別為(wei)20m和40m，它(ta)與鉗形地阻(zu)表有什么(me)區別？

這是(shi)(shi)因為(wei)測(ce)接地(di)電(dian)阻時，要求測(ce)的(de)是(shi)(shi)接地(di)與電(dian)位為(wei)零的(de)遠方(fang)接地(di)之間的(de)電(dian)阻，所謂遠方(fang)是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)一段距離，在此距離下，兩(liang)個接地(di)的(de)互阻基本為(wei)零，接地(di)電(dian)阻測(ce)試儀(yi)經實驗(yan)得出，20m以外距離符合此要求。如(ru)果(guo)線距縮(suo)短，測(ce)量(liang)偏差(cha)會逐漸(jian)加(jia)大(da)。鉗形地(di)阻表只能(neng)測(ce)量(liang)多點(dian)接地(di)，測(ce)量(liang)結果(guo)是(shi)(shi)，被測(ce)地(di)與多個接地(di)并(bing)聯值(zhi)的(de)和(he)，而測(ce)量(liang)單點(dian)接地(di)時要接輔助電(dian)，使測(ce)試電(dian)路形成回路，所以測(ce)量(liang)誤差(cha)要大(da)一些(xie)。但操(cao)作方(fang)便。