超(chao)導儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技術(SuperconductingMagneticEnergyStorage,SMES)利用超(chao)導線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)產(chan)生的電磁場將電磁能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)直接儲存起(qi)來，需要(yao)時再(zai)將電磁能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)返回(hui)電網(wang)或其(qi)它負載，可(ke)用于(yu)充放(fang)電時間很短的脈沖能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量儲存。由于(yu)超(chao)導線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)的電阻為零，電能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)儲存在線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)中幾乎(hu)無損耗(hao)，其(qi)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效率高(gao)達95%。

SMES系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)就是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)。現代電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)安(an)全(quan)穩(wen)定運行(xing)(xing)(xing)方面存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)明顯缺陷，原因(yin)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)中缺乏能(neng)夠大(da)量(liang)(liang)快速(su)存取電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)器件，其致穩(wen)保(bao)護措施主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)依(yi)賴(lai)于(yu)機(ji)組的(de)(de)(de)(de)慣性儲能(neng)、微機(ji)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護測試(shi)儀和(he)其他自動(dong)(dong)控制裝置，基本屬(shu)于(yu)被動(dong)(dong)致穩(wen)。SMES作(zuo)為一個可靈活(huo)調控的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)功功率源，可以(yi)主(zhu)動(dong)(dong)參與系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)態(tai)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為，既能(neng)調節(jie)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)阻(zu)尼力(li)(li)矩又(you)能(neng)調節(jie)同(tong)步力(li)(li)矩，因(yin)而對解決系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)滑行(xing)(xing)(xing)失(shi)步和(he)振蕩失(shi)步均(jun)有(you)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，并能(neng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)擾動(dong)(dong)消(xiao)除后縮短(duan)暫態(tai)過(guo)渡過(guo)程，使系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)迅速(su)恢復穩(wen)定狀態(tai)。由(you)于(yu)SMES發(fa)出或吸收一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)功率，可用(yong)(yong)來(lai)減(jian)小負荷波動(dong)(dong)或發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)出力(li)(li)變化對電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)沖擊(ji)，故可作(zuo)為敏感負載和(he)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)設備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)間斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源，同(tong)時解決配電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)中發(fa)生異(yi)常(chang)或因(yin)主(zhu)網(wang)(wang)受干擾而引起的(de)(de)(de)(de)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)向用(yong)(yong)戶供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)中產(chan)生異(yi)常(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題，改善(shan)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)品質。超導儲能(neng)響應(ying)速(su)度(du)快，能(neng)夠大(da)限度(du)地減(jian)少不(bu)穩(wen)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)沖擊(ji)。SMES適合用(yong)(yong)于(yu)解決風電(dian)(dian)(dian)、光(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)并網(wang)(wang)問(wen)題。另外，SMES還可以(yi)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)提供(gong)(gong)備(bei)(bei)用(yong)(yong)容量(liang)(liang)，對于(yu)保(bao)障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)度(du)及事故后快速(su)恢復供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)具有(you)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。當前中國(guo)部分地區供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)形勢緊張，電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)運行(xing)(xing)(xing)處于(yu)備(bei)(bei)用(yong)(yong)不(bu)足的(de)(de)(de)(de)狀態(tai)，SMES儲能(neng)特性可用(yong)(yong)來(lai)儲存應(ying)急備(bei)(bei)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li);特別是(shi)對于(yu)個別重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)負荷，SMES作(zuo)為備(bei)(bei)用(yong)(yong)容量(liang)(liang)可以(yi)提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)穩(wen)定運行(xing)(xing)(xing)水平。

超導(dao)儲(chu)(chu)能的(de)(de)優點主要有：①儲(chu)(chu)能裝置(zhi)結構簡(jian)單，沒(mei)有旋轉(zhuan)機械部件和動密封(feng)問題，因此設(she)備壽(shou)命較(jiao)長;②儲(chu)(chu)能密度(du)高，可達(da)到(dao)108J/m3，可做(zuo)成較(jiao)大功率的(de)(de)系統;③響應速(su)(su)度(du)快(1～100ms)，調節(jie)電壓(ya)和頻率快速(su)(su)且(qie)容易;④無噪聲污染，且(qie)維(wei)護簡(jian)單等。

超(chao)(chao)(chao)導(dao)(dao)(dao)儲(chu)能技(ji)(ji)術的(de)(de)核心在于超(chao)(chao)(chao)導(dao)(dao)(dao)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)。超(chao)(chao)(chao)導(dao)(dao)(dao)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)技(ji)(ji)術的(de)(de)發展是(shi)提升超(chao)(chao)(chao)導(dao)(dao)(dao)儲(chu)能技(ji)(ji)術的(de)(de)前提。已發現(xian)的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)溫超(chao)(chao)(chao)導(dao)(dao)(dao)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)按成(cheng)分(fen)可分(fen)為(wei)含銅的(de)(de)和不(bu)含銅的(de)(de)。含銅超(chao)(chao)(chao)導(dao)(dao)(dao)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)有(you)鑭鋇(bei)(bei)銅氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(TC=35～40K)、釔(yi)鋇(bei)(bei)銅氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(按釔(yi)含量不(bu)同，TC發生變化(hua)。低為(wei)20K，高(gao)(gao)(gao)可超(chao)(chao)(chao)過90K)、鉍鍶(si)鈣銅氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(TC=10～110K)、quo鋇(bei)(bei)鈣銅氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(TC=125K)、鉛鍶(si)釔(yi)銅氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(TC約(yue)70K);不(bu)含銅超(chao)(chao)(chao)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)主要(yao)是(shi)鋇(bei)(bei)鉀鉍氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(TC約(yue)30K)。目(mu)前，采用包套(tao)管(guan)法(fa)制備(bei)長1.0～2.0km的(de)(de)Ag基Bi系(xi)(xi)多芯(xin)復合(he)超(chao)(chao)(chao)導(dao)(dao)(dao)帶(dai)的(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術已比(bi)較成(cheng)熟。工(gong)程電流密度(du)達到100A/mm2(77K)、長度(du)為(wei)100～1000m的(de)(de)Bi系(xi)(xi)多芯(xin)復合(he)導(dao)(dao)(dao)線已實現(xian)商品化(hua)。美(mei)國(guo)超(chao)(chao)(chao)導(dao)(dao)(dao)公司已建成(cheng)年生產能力為(wei)900km的(de)(de)Bi系(xi)(xi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)超(chao)(chao)(chao)導(dao)(dao)(dao)帶(dai)材(cai)(cai)生產線，他們計(ji)劃將高(gao)(gao)(gao)溫超(chao)(chao)(chao)導(dao)(dao)(dao)帶(dai)材(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)價(jia)格降低到10～25美(mei)元/kA˙m。如果這個目(mu)標能夠(gou)實現(xian)，屆(jie)時高(gao)(gao)(gao)溫超(chao)(chao)(chao)導(dao)(dao)(dao)儲(chu)能技(ji)(ji)術的(de)(de)各種應用將*具備(bei)實用化(hua)推(tui)廣的(de)(de)可能。