PRODUCT CLASSIFICATION
產品分類隨著微機(ji)繼電保(bao)護應用(yong)的(de)(de)普及,保(bao)護裝置(zhi)逐步具備了相應的(de)(de)數(shu)據(ju)接口可(ke)實現(xian)保(bao)護裝置(zhi)重要信(xin)息的(de)(de)數(shu)據(ju)遠傳。充分利用(yong)數(shu)字(zi)式保(bao)護的(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)特征實現(xian)數(shu)字(zi)式保(bao)護的(de)(de)狀(zhuang)態檢(jian)修(xiu),改(gai)變目前保(bao)護裝置(zhi)計劃檢(jian)修(xiu)模式將預(yu)防性試驗改(gai)為預(yu)知性試驗,提高設備的(de)(de)安全(quan)運(yun)行(xing)水平(ping)已成為一(yi)種共識。
但是,繼電保護構成的(de)是一個系(xi)統,不僅(jin)僅(jin)是裝置本身,如交(jiao)流、直流、控(kong)制回路(lu)等(deng),由(you)(you)于部分(fen)回路(lu)還沒有(you)監(jian)(jian)測手段(duan)(duan),對設備狀態(tai)無法進(jin)行實時的(de)技術分(fen)析判斷。如,由(you)(you)于操作回路(lu)一直由(you)(you)硬件(jian)實現(xian),除少量的(de)硬件(jian)信號(hao)可通(tong)過遠(yuan)動或(huo)綜自設備上傳以外,回路(lu)無在線監(jian)(jian)測手段(duan)(duan),形成了保護監(jian)(jian)控(kong)回路(lu)中的(de)空白點。
因此,就繼電(dian)保護(hu)(hu)裝置的應用現(xian)狀(zhuang)而言嚴格(ge)意義上(shang)講(jiang)大多數保護(hu)(hu)并不具備狀(zhuang)態檢修的條件。
設備檢(jian)修(xiu)(xiu)體制是隨著科學技術的(de)進步而不斷演變的(de),由(you)事后(hou)檢(jian)修(xiu)(xiu)/故(gu)障檢(jian)修(xiu)(xiu)發展到預防性檢(jian)修(xiu)(xiu),預防性檢(jian)修(xiu)(xiu)主要(yao)有兩種模(mo)式(shi),以(yi)時間為(wei)依據的(de)檢(jian)修(xiu)(xiu),預先設定檢(jian)修(xiu)(xiu)工作內容與周期的(de)定期檢(jian)修(xiu)(xiu)或稱(cheng)計劃檢(jian)修(xiu)(xiu)和以(yi)可靠(kao)性為(wei)中心的(de)檢(jian)修(xiu)(xiu)。
狀態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)也叫預(yu)知性維修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu),首先由美國(guo)杜(du)邦公司(si)提出(chu),以(yi)設(she)備(bei)(bei)當前的(de)(de)工作狀況為檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)依據,通過狀態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)監(jian)測(ce)手段,診(zhen)斷設(she)備(bei)(bei)健康狀況,確定(ding)設(she)備(bei)(bei)是(shi)(shi)否需要(yao)(yao)(yao)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)或*檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)時機。狀態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)的(de)(de)目標是(shi)(shi)減少設(she)備(bei)(bei)停運(yun)(yun)時間,提高設(she)備(bei)(bei)可(ke)靠(kao)性和(he)(he)可(ke)用(yong)(yong)系數,延(yan)長設(she)備(bei)(bei)壽命(ming),降低運(yun)(yun)行檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)費用(yong)(yong),改(gai)善設(she)備(bei)(bei)運(yun)(yun)行性能,提高經濟效(xiao)益。狀態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)是(shi)(shi)建立(li)在(zai)(zai)設(she)備(bei)(bei)狀態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)有效(xiao)監(jian)測(ce)基礎上(shang),根據監(jian)測(ce)和(he)(he)分析(xi)診(zhen)斷的(de)(de)結果安排檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)時間和(he)(he)項(xiang)目,主要(yao)(yao)(yao)包含設(she)備(bei)(bei)狀態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)監(jian)測(ce)、設(she)備(bei)(bei)診(zhen)斷、檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)決策(ce)三個環節。狀態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)監(jian)測(ce)是(shi)(shi)狀態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)的(de)(de)基礎,狀態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)監(jian)測(ce)是(shi)(shi)設(she)備(bei)(bei)診(zhen)斷的(de)(de)依據,檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)決策(ce)就是(shi)(shi)結合(he)在(zai)(zai)線監(jian)測(ce)與診(zhen)斷的(de)(de)情(qing)況,綜合(he)設(she)備(bei)(bei)和(he)(he)系統的(de)(de)技術(shu)應用(yong)(yong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求確定(ding)具(ju)體的(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)計劃(hua)或策(ce)略。電力系統長期以(yi)來實(shi)行的(de)(de)以(yi)預(yu)防(fang)性計劃(hua)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)為主的(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)體制,主要(yao)(yao)(yao)依據檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)規程(cheng)來確定(ding)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)項(xiang)目,存(cun)在(zai)(zai)設(she)備(bei)(bei)缺陷較多的(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)不(bu)足,設(she)備(bei)(bei)狀態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)較好的(de)(de)又檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)過度(du)的(de)(de)狀況,一定(ding)程(cheng)度(du)上(shang)導致檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)的(de)(de)盲目性,實(shi)際上(shang)很(hen)難(nan)真正實(shi)現“應修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)必(bi)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu),修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)必(bi)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)好”的(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)目標。
電(dian)氣(qi)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)根據(ju)功能不(bu)同可(ke)分(fen)為一次(ci)(ci)(ci)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)和二次(ci)(ci)(ci)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei),其中電(dian)氣(qi)二次(ci)(ci)(ci)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)主要(yao)(yao)包括(kuo)繼(ji)電(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)、自(zi)動(dong)裝(zhuang)置、故(gu)障錄波(bo)器、就地監控和遠動(dong)等(deng)。隨著(zhu)一次(ci)(ci)(ci)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)狀態(tai)(tai)檢(jian)(jian)修(xiu)的推廣,線(xian)路不(bu)停電(dian)檢(jian)(jian)修(xiu)技術的應(ying)用(yong),因檢(jian)(jian)修(xiu)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)而導致的停電(dian)時間將越(yue)來越(yue)短,從客觀(guan)上對電(dian)氣(qi)二次(ci)(ci)(ci)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)檢(jian)(jian)修(xiu)提出了新的要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。作為電(dian)氣(qi)二次(ci)(ci)(ci)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)組成部分(fen)的繼(ji)電(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu),承擔著(zhu)保(bao)障電(dian)網(wang)穩(wen)定和電(dian)力設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)安全的重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)職能,在實際運(yun)(yun)行中因繼(ji)電(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)造(zao)成的系統故(gu)障時有發生,盡(jin)管隨著(zhu)數字(zi)式保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)裝(zhuang)置的廣泛使用(yong),保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)不(bu)正(zheng)確(que)動(dong)作次(ci)(ci)(ci)數相對減少,但由于(yu)制造(zao)、設(she)(she)(she)計、施工、試驗、運(yun)(yun)行等(deng)各種(zhong)原因造(zao)成的保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)不(bu)正(zheng)確(que)動(dong)作次(ci)(ci)(ci)數仍然很多。作為保(bao)障繼(ji)電(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)正(zheng)確(que)履行電(dian)網(wang)“靜靜的哨兵”職能的主要(yao)(yao)手段依舊是依據(ju)傳統的《繼(ji)電(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)及電(dian)網(wang)安全自(zi)動(dong)裝(zhuang)置檢(jian)(jian)驗條(tiao)例》通過定期(qi)檢(jian)(jian)修(xiu)維護(hu)(hu)(hu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)裝(zhuang)置的可(ke)用(yong)率。顯然,這種(zhong)基于(yu)靜態(tai)(tai)型設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)的檢(jian)(jian)驗規(gui)定已(yi)經不(bu)適應(ying)現(xian)代信息(xi)技術被廣泛應(ying)用(yong)的數字(zi)式保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)。
因此,繼電(dian)(dian)保護設備(微機繼電(dian)(dian)保護測(ce)(ce)試(shi)儀、手(shou)持光數(shu)字測(ce)(ce)試(shi)儀、手(shou)持光數(shu)字分析儀、異頻介(jie)損測(ce)(ce)試(shi)儀等(deng)(deng))如(ru)何在檢修(xiu)體制(zhi)、檢修(xiu)方法及檢驗項目(mu)、檢修(xiu)周期等(deng)(deng)方面通過合(he)適的技術措施和手(shou)段,保證保護設備的可靠運(yun)行適應電(dian)(dian)網安全運(yun)行的要求,實行保護設備狀態(tai)檢修(xiu)將成為(wei)一(yi)種必然的選擇。